Does the line hold? Citizenship by descent, one verdict at a time.
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Born outside marriage or adopted: where a citizenship by descent claim still holds, where it needs a declaration, and where an adoption ends the line instead.
Where a grandmother lost citizenship by marriage the line ends at the wedding, not at a birth. The rule in Germany, Italy, Britain and Poland, each dated.
Citizenship by descent through a mother breaks at 1948 in Italy, 1975 in Germany, 1983 in Britain. Two of the three have a repair route; one needs a court.
Registration, proof, certificate, recognition, confirmation: what a certificate of citizenship by descent is called in each country, and who issues it.
Most claims are a form the register takes from you. Four situations need a citizenship by descent lawyer: a court, a discretion, a restoration, a disputed loss.